Summary
Polygone is a student-led cleantech venture developing enzymatically active, marine-degradable plastics to address persistent ocean plastic pollution. By discovering and engineering a highly efficient marine esterase and immobilizing it within polyester matrices (e.g., PBAT, PLA, PET), Polygone creates polymer formulations that autonomously depolymerize into benign small molecules under marine conditions — overcoming the dependency of current "compostable" materials on industrial processing and enabling a genuine closed-loop lifecycle in the marine environment.
Market analysis indicates the global biodegradable plastics sector is growing at a CAGR >20%, while low-temperature marine degradation remains an underserved niche. Polygone's solution couples degradation activation, encapsulation-trigger mechanisms and microplastic detection to deliver measurable, auditable ESG outcomes for brand owners and regulators.
The company pursues a diversified commercial model (B2B supply, B2C finished products, technology licensing and public-sector partnerships), selling enzymes and licensable formulations to resin processors and environmental service providers while collaborating with downstream manufacturers on enzyme-integrated products. Key risks include competing technologies, scale-up and cost reduction for industrial deployment, and market education. With continued R&D, scale-up and demonstration projects, Polygone aims to become a market leader in marine-degradable materials and to provide a practical, verifiable pathway for large-scale marine plastic remediation.
1. Background and Market Pain Points
1.1 Current Situation of Marine Plastic Pollution
Marine plastic pollution poses a global environmental crisis and poses multiple threats to ecosystems, biodiversity and human health. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, about 75 million to 190 million tons of plastic waste enter the marine environment every year, which is equivalent to the plastic emissions of about one garbage truck per minute. The existing stock of marine plastics is estimated to be 150 million tons, and continues to increase at a rate of 4.8-12.7 million tons per year.
Land-based sources account for more than 80% of the total pollution, of which the global river system transports 1.15-2.41 million tons of plastic waste to the ocean every year, and the contribution rate of Asian rivers is 67%. Such pollutants can remain in the environment for hundreds of years, and enter the food chain through biological intake and entanglement effects, causing cross-trophic ecological risks.
International policy pressures continue to escalate. In 2022, the United Nations Environment Assembly adopted a resolution to launch negotiations on the formulation of the world's first legally binding Convention on Plastic Pollution, and 175 countries pledged to complete the treaty framework by 2024. The European Union took the lead in incorporating the whole life cycle management of plastics into the enterprise sustainable development reporting directive, requiring enterprises to disclose their plastic footprint and reduction targets.
1.2 Limitations of Existing Degradation Technologies
Mainstream degradable plastics such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate-terephthalate) (PBAT) have significant drawbacks in practical applications. Its degradation requires industrial composting conditions (constant temperature of 50-60 ° C, specific microbial community and oxygen-rich environment), and the degradation rate is only 70-85% in 4-6 weeks under ideal conditions.
However, in the marine environment with low temperature (average 4 ° C), high pressure and low microbial diversity, the degradation efficiency decreased sharply: the degradation rate of PLA in seawater was 87% lower than that in composting, and the degradation rate of PBAT in open ocean was less than 17%. This "industrial compost dependence" leads to the persistence of such materials in the natural environment similar to that of traditional plastics (such as polyethylene), and the continuous release of secondary microplastics with a diameter of less than 5 mm.
1.3 Environmental Proportion and Ecological Risk of Ester-Based Plastics
Polyesters such as PET, PBAT, and PLA contribute significantly to marine plastic pollution, accounting for ~20% of global debris, second only to polyethylene (~23%). PET is especially persistent, with a half-life of several centuries in seawater, allowing continuous accumulation of microplastics.
Supposedly "biodegradable" plastics like PLA and PBAT also show negligible weight loss after year-long seawater incubation, confirming their limited degradability in marine conditions. Beyond persistence, polyester microplastics act as carriers for pollutants such as PAHs and heavy metals, increasing ecological risks through adsorption and bioaccumulation. These features make polyester plastics one of the most pressing targets for marine pollution management.
1.4 Urgency of the Need for Marine Degradation Technologies
The urgency of the current demand is mainly due to the combined effect of the triple driving force. Firstly, the mandatory requirements of regulations are increasing-the global plastics treaty negotiations are expected to set a binding target of reducing the production of primary plastics by 30% by 2040, while the EU CRSD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive) directive also requires enterprises to disclose the recovery rate of plastics and the provention and control scheme of microplastics from 2024.
Secondly, the consumer market continues to shift to environmental protection, with 70% of global consumers expressing their willingness to pay a 15% -30% premium for environmentally friendly packaging, which promotes the rapid development of the biodegradable materials market at an average annual growth rate of 12.4%.
Moreover, ESG (Environmental, social and governance) compliance pressure is increasingly significant, institutional investors have incorporated plastic management into the core indicators of ESG rating, and more stringent regulation since 2024 requires enterprises to establish a plastic closed-loop management system, otherwise they will face the risk of rising financing costs. Driven by these multiple pressures, the market for marine degradable materials is expected to expand to $68.9 billion by 2030, doubling its size from 2023.
2. Technology and Product Introduction
Using advanced synthetic biology and enzyme engineering technology, the BUCT-POLYGONE team discovered and optimized an esterase from the marine microorganism Glaciecolasp.MH2013, and developed a breakthrough marine ester-based plastic additive.
In order to effectively apply enzymes in plastic matrices, the team designed inorganic nano-calcium carbonate – silica composite carriers. The carrier is prepared by sol-gel and other methods to form a porous calcium carbonate core and a surface mesoporous silicon dioxide layer. The calcium carbonate part has low cost and good hydrophilicity, and can obtain different pore structures by controlling the crystal type of the calcium carbonate (calcite, vaterite, and the like); and the silicon dioxide part provides high mechanical strength and thermal stability.
The density and hardness of the composite carrier can be adjusted to prevent the carrier from floating on the plastic surface during melt processing, and the macroporous structure of the composite carrier is beneficial to the adsorption and multi-point immobilization of enzyme molecules. The results showed that the thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was significantly enhanced by the steric constraint of the silica network: the immobilized enzyme could still maintain a certain activity after a short treatment at 200 degrees Celsius (Fig 1.).
Figure 1. Thermal protection effect diagram of nano Calcium Carbonate - Silicon Dioxide composite carrier.
In addition, the inorganic support itself has higher thermal stability and lower cost than organic support. Therefore, during high-temperature processing such as polymer extrusion or injection molding, the calcium carbonate – silica composite support can effectively absorb and buffer heat, and protect the active structure of the enzyme from being destroyed. The carrier simultaneously forms a strong inorganic "shell" around the enzyme molecule, providing additional thermal insulation and physical protection for the enzyme.
When mixed with PBAT, PLA, PET and other polymer matrices, the enzyme-containing microparticles are compatible with the conventional process and can be seamlessly integrated into the existing plastic production process to achieve large-scale application.For details,please check the page of Result-Sectionll-Immobilization.
At the end of the product life cycle, especially after entering the marine environment, the calcium carbonate carrier begins to dissolve and release enzyme molecules. In seawater, calcium carbonate gradually falls off under the action of CO2 and water, releasing enzymes fixed on the surface. At this time, the enzyme is activated when it contacts the interface between the polymer and water.
The enzyme specifically cleaves the ester bond in the main chain of the polymer by using a water molecule as a nucleophile. Its degradation mechanism is similar to that of the reported pet hydrolases, and the continuous enzymatic action can decompose the polymer chain into non-toxic small molecules such as lactic acid and ethylene glycol. These degradation products are soluble and bioavailable substances, which can be further metabolized by marine microorganisms or enter the natural carbon cycle to realize the transformation of plastic waste into environmental raw materials.
This process effectively avoids the risk of long-term residues of large pieces of plastics in the ocean, converts polyester plastics into basic monomers that are easy to handle and reuse, and truly realizes closed-loop circulation.
3. Market and Competition Analysis
3.1 Market Size
The global biodegradable plastics market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by environmental pressures and innovative technologies. The market includes PLA, PBAT and other materials, which are the focus of the project. In 2024, the global biodegradable plastics market is estimated at $12.92 billion and is expected to reach $33.52 billion by 2029, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.3%.
Another report shows that the market size in 2024 is 24.82 billion US dollars and will grow to 100.56 billion US dollars by 2032, with a CAGR of 19.11%, mainly due to applications in packaging and agriculture.
For plastic degradation technologies such as enzyme engineering, the market for plastic-degrading enzymes was $320 million in 2024 and is expected to reach $1.5 billion by 2033, reflecting the emerging demand for synthetic biology in waste management.
3.2 Feasibility Analysis
Market feasibility
As of 2024, the global production capacity of biodegradable plastics has exceeded 4.04 million tons (based on 2.1 million tons in 2019, with a compound annual growth rate of 14%), of which biodegradable materials account for more than 60%. This growth is mainly driven by both policy and market forces: the EU's Directive on Disposable Plastics (SUP) mandates the elimination of non-essential disposable plastics by 2030, while China's "14th Five-Year Plan" specifies that the replacement rate of degradable plastics in express delivery, catering and other scenarios will be 30% by 2025.
Figure 2. Forecasted Global Bioplastic Production Capacity
Technical feasibility
There are still some technical bottlenecks: currently, the degradation of PLA and PBAT in seawater mainly relies on a slow abiotic hydrolysis process and the action of a small number of specific microorganisms, and the existing ASTM/ISO standards do not cover the degradation certification of low-temperature marine environment .
Economic viability
Economic feasibility can be achieved through a multi-dimensional revenue model, including B2B technology licensing to product factories, selling enzyme masterbatches with a premium of more than 30%, participating in government port and coastal management projects, such as bidding for micro-plastic interception systems; It also provides degradation monitoring data services based on block chain certificates and generates credible ESG audit reports .
3.3 SWOT Analysis
| Strengths | Weaknesses |
|---|---|
|
1. Initiate the integrated scheme of "enzyme degradation activation + encapsulation trigger + microplastic detection" in the marine environment 2. It does not conflict with the "recyclable priority" policy, but serves as a supplement to the "out-of-control risk". 3. Provide degradation visualization and third-party auditable evidence to enhance ESG compliance value |
1. ASTM/ISO marine degradation and LCA certification costs are high and cycle is long 2. Low market awareness, material factory and brand side need education and pilot 3. The path of industrialized scale production is not yet fully clear. |
| Opportunities | Threats |
|
1. 19 – 23 million tons of plastics enter the sea every year, and the treatment budget increases year by year. 2. ESG disclosure and sustainable supply chain demand drive enterprise purchasing power 3. Regulation window (EU SUP, PPWR) brings material upgrade opportunities |
1. New materials (such as PHA, bio-based composites) or other innovative technologies may seize the market 2. Policies may be more "recyclable" than "degradable" 3. There are challenges of cost and industrial chain adaptation in large-scale promotion |
3.4 PEST Analysis
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Political | The EU SUP plastic ban has been implemented; PPWR stipulates "recyclable and compostable in limited scenarios"; countries have increased investment in marine governance and support for environmental protection policies. |
| Economic | The global degradable plastics market is expected to maintain double-digit growth; the budgets for coastal cities and ports are increasing year by year; ESG investment at the brand end has been strengthened. |
| Social | Increased awareness of environmental protection among consumers; NGOs and media promote the "plastic-free ocean" action; public opinion pressure on sustainable procurement of enterprises. |
| Technological | Rapid interdisciplinary development of enzyme engineering, molecular modification, nano-encapsulation and sensing detection; ASTM/ISO has established criteria for the assessment of marine degradation; Most of the competitive technologies focus on PET, and the application of PLA/PBAT marine degradation is still blank. |
3.5 Porter's Five Forces Model
| Force | Analysis |
|---|---|
| Existing competitors | Material producers such as NatureWorks (PLA), Total Energies Corbion (PLA), BASF (PBAT) focus on industrial composting systems with limited support for marine degradation. Enzyme suppliers like Encapase provide similar technologies but lack focus on marine low-temperature degradation. |
| Potential entrants | Emerging biomaterials (e.g. PHA, other natural degradable materials) companies may enter this market segment. Large chemical or material enterprises have R & D and scale capabilities to quickly invest in the layout. |
| Threat of substitution | PHA and other natural degradable materials have their own degradation potential, but the production cost is high and the production capacity is limited. Recycling technologies may divert market demand if policy favors recycling. |
| Bargaining power of suppliers | The supply of enzyme engineering and packaging technology mainly depends on scientific research institutions or technology platforms, and early suppliers have strong bargaining power. With scale expansion, supply chain diversification will reduce pressure. |
| Customer bargaining power | B2B material/product plant has medium bargaining power, is cost sensitive. Brand/packaging customers require differentiated solutions due to ESG pressures, and have weak bargaining power. B2G procurement has high price pressure but stable contracts. |
4. Business Model
4.1 Business Model Overview
(1) B2B mode-sales revenue of enzyme preparation
It sells enzymes to plastic manufacturers, agricultural film and packaging companies, as well as environmental protection and waste recycling companies. Sales methods include billing by weight or long-term supply contracts. With the growing global demand for sustainable waste management (40% growth driver) and the support of government environmental protection policies (35% growth driver), the market potential of "plastic degradation enzymes" is increasing.
(2) B2C model-product premium income
Cooperate with downstream plastic products manufacturers (such as disposable tableware, plastic bags, packaging manufacturers) to develop enzyme-containing plastic products. Products can be positioned as "environmentally friendly + degradable" with high added value, and charged in the form of raw material premium or joint brand.
(3) Licensing model-technology licensing income
The degradation enzyme technology developed by us is authorized to other plastic manufacturers or renewable resources enterprises, and the license fee for the use of technology is charged. This can speed up the promotion of technology, and the cooperative enterprises can obtain technology licensing fees through licensing, and we can obtain sustainable benefits.
(4) Government and ESG cooperation-projects and subsidies
With the support of the national "carbon peak" and "carbon neutralization" strategies and local environmental protection policies, we will cooperate with government environmental protection departments and state-owned enterprises to participate in bidding for environmental governance projects and ecological restoration projects, and strive for policy subsidies and government procurement.
4.2 Product Pricing
Our pricing strategy will reflect the cost + value pricing principle:
Enzyme pricing: referring to the industrial enzyme market, the price is generally based on the activity unit or weight (ranging from tens to hundreds of yuan/kg). Initially, relatively high reagent prices may be used to offset development and manufacturing costs. With the expansion of production and the decrease of cost, the preferential price of bulk purchasing will be lowered or introduced in time.
Pricing of enzyme-containing plastic products: based on the price rise of traditional plastic products by a certain percentage. Considering the premium acceptance of environmental protection products by end users, an environmental surcharge of 20% – 50% can be added to the price of conventional plastics in the initial stage.
4.3 Marketing Promotion
Our promotion strategy combines online and offline, and coordinates with government and industry resources.
(1) Online promotion: Build professional websites and WeChat public numbers, regularly publish technical trends, case studies, application scenarios, and use industry B2B platforms to publish product information.
(2) Offline promotion: Participate in domestic and foreign environmental protection materials and plastics industry exhibitions, agricultural science and technology exhibitions, green supply chain summits, etc.
(3) Cooperation between government and industry: Strive for docking with relevant environmental protection departments and industry organizations, and strive to incorporate the project into demonstration projects or industrial parks.
(4) Brand building and public relations: Establish technical reliability by issuing technical reports, obtaining third-party testing certification and environmental protection labels.
4.4 Development Planning
Early stage (1st – 2nd year)
Complete the R & D and process optimization of the core enzyme preparation, and establish a small-scale production line. Focus on pilot cooperation with plastic manufacturers, agricultural film enterprises and environmental protection service providers, sign model project contracts, and verify product performance.
Medium-term (3rd – 4th year)
Expansion of production capacity and deployment of a medium-sized fermentation or synthesis plant with the capacity to meet the annual demand for hundreds of tons of enzyme preparations. Expand the product line, develop a variety of enzyme-containing plastic products (such as agricultural film, packaging bags, etc.), and cooperate with brands to launch co-branded products.
Later stage (the 5th year)
Consolidate the leading position in the domestic market, and the customer base covers plastic production, packaging, agriculture, environmental protection and other fields. It will enter the stage of large-scale operation, improve the level of automation and informatization, reduce costs and increase gross profit.
5. Financial Projections
5.1 Financing Plan
There are three main sources of project funding: angel investment, corporate team and social financing, as well as the investment amount of each part and the proportion of the total funding. All investments are provided in the form of monetary funds.
Angel investment accounts for 70% (2.1 million) of total assets, 20% (600,000) of social financing, and 10% (300,000) of customer prepayment (pilot fee).
5.2 Fixed Assets and Depreciation Forecast
| Asset class | Original value | Residual value rate | Residual value | Depreciable amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production equipment | 150 | 5% | 7.5 | 142.5 |
| Experimental equipment | 90 | 5% | 4.5 | 85.5 |
| Computers and IT | 30 | 5% | 1.5 | 28.5 |
| Office furniture | 15 | 5% | 0.75 | 14.25 |
| Other | 15 | 5% | 0.75 | 14.25 |
| Totally | 300 | — | 15 | 285 |
(Unit: 10,000 yuan)
5.3 Salary Breakdown
| Post | Number of people | Monthly salary (yuan) | Annual salary (10,000 yuan/person) | Annual total (ten thousand yuan) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experiment/production | 8 | 11,853 | 14.164 | 113.312 |
| Website development | 5 | 12,000 | 14.400 | 72.000 |
| Art/Publicity | 5 | 7,400 | 8.880 | 44.400 |
| Customer connection/sales | 6 | 12,150 | 14.580 | 87.480 |
| Finance/management | 2 | 6,750 | 8.100 | 16.200 |
| Totally | 26 | — | — | 333.392 |
5.4 Revenue Forecast
| Year | Sales revenue of enzyme-containing plastic | Sales income of enzyme preparation | Total operating income |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | 500 | 25 | 525 |
| Year 2 | 600 | 30 | 630 |
| Year 3 | 720 | 36 | 756 |
| Year 4 | 864 | 43 | 907 |
| Year 5 | 1037 | 52 | 1089 |
(Unit: 10,000 yuan)
5.5 Cost and Expense Forecast
| Year | Cost of raw materials | Other manufacturing costs | Total production cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | 150 | 25 | 175 |
| Year 2 | 180 | 30 | 210 |
| Year 3 | 216 | 36 | 252 |
| Year 4 | 260 | 44 | 304 |
| Year 5 | 312 | 53 | 365 |
(Unit: 10,000 yuan)
5.6 Estimated Profit Statement
| Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating income | 525 | 630 | 756 | 907 | 1089 |
| Operating costs | 175 | 210 | 252 | 304 | 365 |
| Gross operating profit | 350 | 420 | 504 | 603 | 724 |
| Administrative expenses | 64.2 | 64.8 | 65.4 | 66 | 66.6 |
| Selling expenses | 52.5 | 63 | 75.6 | 90.7 | 108.9 |
| Financial expenses | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| Total profit | 225.8 | 284.7 | 355.5 | 438.8 | 541 |
| Income tax (25%) | 56.45 | 71.17 | 88.87 | 109.7 | 135.25 |
| Net profit | 169.35 | 213.53 | 266.63 | 329.1 | 405.75 |
(Unit: 10,000 yuan)
6. Risk Prediction
6.1 Technical Risks
Under laboratory conditions, the engineered enzyme showed good degradation ability, but it may face the risk of performance decline in large-scale production. For example, the temperature, salinity, pH and substrate concentration of the reaction system will change after the capacity is scaled up, which may lead to the decrease of the stability and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.
This not only affects the actual degradation rate of the product, but also may weaken its competitiveness in the target application scenario. In addition, enzymes need to withstand high temperature and mechanical stress in the process of plastic processing, once the performance can not be maintained, it will directly limit the feasibility of product commercialization.
6.2 Market Risk
The biodegradable plastics market is obviously driven by policy, but the uncertainty of regulatory adjustment may lead to market contraction or demand transfer. For example, some countries may slow down the ban on disposable plastics or turn to the mode of encouraging recycling and reuse, thus affecting the promotion space of degradable materials.
At the same time, the emergence of alternative technologies, such as lower-cost recyclable plastics and chemical recycling technology, may also grab market share. If the industry trend deviates from current expectations, enterprises may face the situation of unsalable products or price reduction competition, which weakens profitability.
6.3 Supply Chain Risk
The fluctuation of raw material cost is the key factor affecting the economy of the project. The production of biodegradable plastics relies on specific monomers (such as succinic acid and butanediol) and high-performance enzymes, and the prices of these raw materials may fluctuate greatly due to energy prices, international trade policies or upstream and downstream supply and demand imbalances.
In addition, the production of enzymes involves fermentation raw materials and purification processes, and its cost structure relies heavily on scale effect, which may significantly increase the unit product cost once the supply chain is unstable. At the same time, if the concentration of suppliers is too high, the bargaining power of enterprises in purchasing is weak, which further enlarges the operational risk.
6.4 Coping Strategies
In view of the above risks, enterprises need to take diversified measures. At the technical level, we will continue to invest in research and development, optimize the structural stability and adaptability of enzymes, and establish a pilot platform to shorten the performance gap between laboratory and industrialization.
At the market level, we should avoid over-reliance on a single region or policy, actively expand the international market and find differentiated application scenarios to disperse the impact of demand fluctuations. In terms of supply chain, dependence can be reduced through multi-channel procurement, long-term strategic cooperation and self-sufficiency of some key raw materials.
7. Team Introduction
7.1 Team Structure
The team consists of 26 members, and the overall structure covers scientific research and development, product design, market operation and management support.
Core technicians: 8 experimental members, respectively focusing on enzyme engineering, synthetic biology and material science, responsible for key experimental design, engineering enzyme modification and degradation performance verification, are the technical backbone of the project.
Business operation personnel: 6 members are responsible for customer connection and sales development, and 2 members focus on financial and management work, with market insight and capital planning capabilities, providing guarantee for the industrialization transformation and commercial landing of the project.
Product and design support: 5 members are responsible for website construction and function development, and 5 members are responsible for art design and visual presentation, which improves the professionalism of the project in information dissemination, brand image and user experience.
7.2 Team Management
The team adopts a management mode with clear division of labor and close cooperation:
- The technical direction is led by the core experimental personnel to ensure the progress of research and development and technological breakthroughs;
- Operation and business are dominated by members with market and industrialization experience to ensure the effective connection between the project and the external environment;
- The design and dissemination team supports the external display and promotion of scientific research achievements;
- Financial management members are responsible for the use of funds and budget control to ensure the rational allocation of resources.
At the same time, we also invited a team of consultants with rich experience in environmental protection policy and chemical industry to provide professional guidance on policy interpretation, industry trends and commercialization paths to help the project better meet the real market demand.
Reference information source
- Zhang, N.; Zhao, B.; Yang, P.; Zhang, H. Systematic Study of Preparing Porous CaCO3 Vaterite Particles for Controlled Drug Release. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 1227.
- ZHAN Yue, WANG Xin, SONG Yuxuan, et al. Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase and its application in carbon dioxide conversion[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2023, 42 (9): 3157-3166
- Analysis Report on Development Prospect and Investment Strategic Planning of Global and Chinese Biodegradable Plastics Industry in 2024-2029
- 2025-2030 Global Biodegradable Plastics Industry Market Survey and Investment Feasibility Analysis Report. Beijing Zhongdao Taihe Information Consulting Co., Ltd.
- Zvanaka S.Mazhandu, E.Muzendaetal."Integratedand Consolidated Review of Plastic Waste Management and Bio-Based Biodegradable Plastics: Challenges and Opportunities."Sustainability
- MarketsandMarkets《BiodegradablePlasticsMarket》（2024/10)
- DataBridgeMarketResearch《GlobalBiodegradablePlasticsMarket》(2024)
- CustomMarketInsights《RecycledOceanPlasticMarket》（2025/07)
- Hwang E, Yang Y H, Choi J, et al. Biodegradable Plastics as Sustainable Alternatives: Advances, Basics, Challenges, and Directions for the Future [J]. Materials (Basel), 2025, 18(18).
- Krohn C, Khudur L, Dias D A, et al. The role of microbial ecology in improving the performance of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge [J]. Front Microbiol, 2022, 13: 1079136.
- Wang G X, Huang D, Ji J H, et al. Seawater-Degradable Polymers-Fighting the Marine Plastic Pollution [J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2020, 8(1): 2001121.