General

To address the challenges of process stability and scaling when applying synthetic biology products, such as live bacteria vaccines, in modern aquaculture, we have developed a fully automatic continuous immersion inoculation hardware system. The system is designed to provide a stable and controllable bioprocess environment. It integrates modules such as automatic delivery, visual inspection, immersion inoculation, vaccine preparation and intelligent sorting, upgrading traditional,unstable manual operations into an efficient, precise and traceableautomated production mode. It provides a powerful hardware engineering solution for the large-scale application of synthetic biology in smart agriculture.

Our design is rooted in addressing real industrial pain points. In the development of the intelligent module, the accuracy of the disease identification model and the key parameters of the control system were determined through repeated iterations and fine-tuning based on feedback from our continuous communication with front-line aquaculture enterprises and farmers. Likewise, the core parameters of the hardware, such as sorting specifications and delivery flow rates, were also strictly tested and verified by them in real farming environments, thus ensuring the practicality and reliability of the solution.

The practicality and functionality of the hardware system have been verified. The core functionality of the system is driven by mechanical structures such as the Archimedes spiral and two intelligent engines: one is a machine vision system based on a customized VoVNet model, which can accurately identify and make decisions ; The advanced control system, composed of algorithms such as neural Network Adaptive PID (BP-PID), is used to ensure ultra-high precision stability in the vaccine environment. We used ANSYS finite element analysis to conduct mechanical simulations of key components such as the classification plate and support structure. The results confirmed that the structural strength was sufficient and the deformation could be completely ignored, ensuring from the design source that the equipment would not cause physical damage to the fish, and it was successfully applied in the farm.

To support future innovation and collaboration, we have prepared detailed technical documentation, which includes complete design ideas, functional details of each unit, key performance parameters, and engineering analysis reports. This document clearly demonstrates the innovation and reliability of our hardware and provides a solid foundation for future teams to understand, evaluate, and carry out secondary development and improvement based on our work.

Equipment Design

1.1 Research Background

The global aquaculture industry continues to expand. As the world's largest aquaculture nation, China's 2023 aquaculture output reached 58.09 million tons, accounting for over 60% of the global total. However, disease issues severely constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), global aquatic diseases cause annual economic losses exceeding $10 billion, while China faces direct losses of nearly 60 billion yuan annually due to such diseases. Traditional disease prevention relies on chemical drugs like antibiotics, but the food safety and ecological issues caused by drug residues are becoming increasingly severe. Vaccination strategies based on aquatic animals' immune systems represent the most suitable and focused solution for controlling various fish diseases. Meanwhile, the rapid development of digital technology is driving intelligent disease prevention techniques (deeply integrating digital and bio-technologies) to become an inevitable trend in the green and healthy development of aquaculture.

1.2 Technology Bottleneck

The current mainstream vaccination technology has significant defects:

• Injection: It needs to be operated one tail at a time, which is inefficient (the skilled manual worker is about 1000 tails/hour/person), and the stress damage rate is as high as 8-10%. The cost of automatic inoculation equipment is very high (the unit price of imported equipment is more than 500,000 US dollars).

• Traditional immersion inoculation: although it can achieve herd immunity, there are three technical bottlenecks as follows.
  1. Inadequate efficiency and homogeneity: the efficiency of manual soaking is about 2000 animals/hour, and the penetration rate of vaccine is only 60%-70%;
  2. Oxygen and density contradiction: high density operation is easy to cause hypoxia stress, resulting in a decrease of immune titer by 30%-50%;
  3. Vaccine activity loss: Open circulation causes high rate of vaccine potency decay.

1.3 Hardware Performance

1.4 Overall Approach

This project addresses the technical challenges of traditional aquaculture vaccination methods—high-stress injections and inefficient immersion inoculation—with two fish-specific live bacterial vaccines certified as Class I veterinary drugs. We have pioneered an IoT-powered continuous immersion system for smart vaccine administration using Archimedes screw technology. Through systematic experiments, we determined physiological stress responses of turbot fry under varying immersion densities and dissolved oxygen levels, established safe operational thresholds, and optimized core module designs based on immunological parameters. The system integrates conveying units, detection modules, Archimedes screw-based immersion units, vaccine stations, and machine vision-assisted post-inoculation sorting. It enables continuous fry delivery, uniform immersion, efficient vaccine recycling, and post-inoculation sorting. The intelligent control system monitors dissolved oxygen and vaccine concentration in real-time through multi-sensor networks (visual, bioimpedance, infrared spectroscopy), while LSTM neural networks dynamically optimize inoculation procedures. This ensures dissolved oxygen fluctuations≤0.2mg/L and vaccine utilization≥95%. Modular design accommodates 10m³ to 1000m³ aquaculture scales, achieving 40,000 fry/hour inoculation efficiency—40 times higher than traditional methods—with stress damage rates≤0.5%.Application validation demonstrates 90% reduction in antibiotic usage and 75% decrease in per-fish inoculation costs, significantly supporting sustainable aquaculture transformation.

Figure 1.Overall flow chart of the equipment

Build

2.1 Transport Unit

To transport fry from aquaculture systems to fully automated continuous immersion inoculation equipment, the fish conveying module shown in the diagram was designed. This module features an adjustable negative pressure suction pump with a soft silicone suction nozzle that automatically adjusts pressure based on fish size (preventing abrasions or minimizing stress responses). The system extracts fry from breeding facilities (ponds, tanks, etc.) using PTFE corrosion-resistant hoses, delivering them to a water-fish separation plate equipped with high-pressure backflush nozzles for automatic filter cleaning and preventing sediment buildup. The aluminum alloy inclined grating panel is impact-resistant and seawater corrosion-resistant. Side baffles prevent fry from escaping, while a water collection tank at the bottom collects purified water, which is then pumped back into the breeding pond for reuse.

Figure 2.Assembly drawing of conveying unit and verification of 3D printing principle

2.2 Detecting Unit

After undergoing water filtration, the fry slide through the fish-water separation plate onto the conveyor belt of the detection and conveying module shown in the figure. While undergoing secondary water filtration, the fish are scanned by a vision system embedded with intelligent decision algorithms to identify abnormalities and injuries. Fish with surface defects or obvious injuries are excluded from inoculation. Side barriers prevent fry from escaping the conveyor belt. The system is equipped with cameras that monitor real-time fry density and detect surface injuries. If abnormal conditions (such as color irregularities, bleeding, rotting fins, ulcers, or physical deformities) are detected, the fish suction pump automatically pauses to prevent diseased or abnormal fish from entering subsequent processes, thereby avoiding inoculation damage or cross-contamination.

Figure 3.Assembly drawing of detection unit and physical picture of 3D printing principle verification machine

After passing through the detection and conveying unit, the fish fry enter a chute equipped with a closure mechanism to prevent splashing of fish and vaccine solution. Side panels on both sides of the chute prevent escape. The vaccine infusion device pumps immersion liquid from the storage tank into the chute, allowing the fish fry and their immersion solution to be transferred into the screw inoculation module.

Figure 4.Import simulation diagram and import schematic diagram

2.3 Immersion Inoculation Unit

To achieve large-scale vaccination effects in small-scale fish fry chambers, a horizontal Archimedes screw was employed as the immersion inoculation carrier, leveraging its sealing characteristics. The screw features spiral blades along its inner wall that divide the interior into six sealed compartments. When viewed horizontally from below the screw axis, each compartment contains independent vaccine solutions that remain mutually isolated. These compartments advance synchronously with the screw's rotation. During the single-revolution cycle where a compartment travels from the screw's tip to tail, fish fry achieve non-assemble immersion and minimal stress response gentle and uniform immersion immunization.

The screw head features a baffle positioned above the highest internal liquid level, preventing vaccine leakage while maintaining chamber sealing integrity. The hollow rotating shaft connects to a dissolved oxygen cone at one end and is perforated with evenly spaced vents to regulate oxygen levels in the vaccine. The screw assembly rotates synchronously with its casing, spiral blades, and oxygen delivery shaft. Vertical bearing housings support both ends of the shaft, while a coupling at its rear connects to a high-torque DC motor for rotation. A built-in camera in the screw head's bearing housing monitors real-time inoculation progress, detecting and preventing abnormal fish body conditions during the process.

Figure 5.Photo of soaking unit model and 3D printing principle verification machine

After the fish seedlings are immersed and inoculated in the screw, they are separated from the vaccine liquid at the fish liquid separation plate at the tail of the screw and enter the next module; the vaccine liquid falls into the vaccine liquid recovery pool below the separation plate, and after filtration and disinfection, it is pumped back to the automatic vaccine preparation workstation.

Figure 6.Model of fish liquid separation plate and physical picture of 3D printing principle verification machine

2.4 Fully Automatic Vaccine Preparation Workstation

This device features an automated vaccine preparation workstation designed with reference to industrial-grade bioreactor technology. By integrating a centrifugal feeding module, robotic arm material handling and liquid extraction system, along with a multi-sensor-based immersion solution preparation tank (monitoring vaccine cell density/concentration, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, pH, etc.), it creates a stable and high-activity environment for vaccine preparation. This ensures that the vaccine potency remains unaffected by external factors during administration.

The vaccine liquid bioreactor serves as the core component of an integrated vaccine preparation workstation, featuring the following technical specifications:

• The multifunctional lid integrates 12 functional interfaces (including sensor sockets for cell density, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, and liquid replenishment ports), enabling integrated monitoring and control of multiple parameters. A VEGAPULS 6X radar level sensor continuously monitors liquid levels while a recycle port facilitates can reduce waste through fluid reuse.
• Constructed from zinc 45 steel (78mm radius), the material balances strength with corrosion resistance.
• The optimized curved blades minimize fluid shear forces, ensuring uniform mixing of vaccine components without damaging cells.
• Precision environmental controls include: a temperature module (±0.1℃ accuracy), dissolved oxygen module (optical sensor regulation), and pH module (PID acid-base auto-adjustment) to maintain active vaccine conditions. An integrated pressure control module dynamically regulates tank pressure using diaphragm sensors, preventing external contamination.

Figure 7.Model of vaccine preparation tank based on bioreactor engineering and physical picture of 3D printing principle verification equipment

Figure 8.Vaccine fluid replacement device structure diagram and 3D printing principle verification model diagram

The fully automated vaccine liquid preparation workstation utilizes a centrifugal feeding mechanism to transport vials containing lyophilized vaccine powder into a track-equipped conveying system. The conveying mechanism incorporates a vial flow current limiter that ensures only a controlled portion of vials enter subsequent modules, while excess vials are retained before the current limiter to prevent system overloading. Vials are conveyed through the system to slots on a rotating open-capping turntable, where the control system adjusts the opener's posture. A servo motor then activates the opener to remove the vial caps. Completed vials are guided onto conveyor belts via the turntable, where they enter tracks on the conveying mechanism. Discarded caps are routed through slide channels to a dedicated collection bin below. The conveyor transports vials to a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) robotic arm's workspace, where a syringe dispenses the lyophilized vaccine powder. The conveyor's precision tracks ensure stable vial trajectories during transport. After dispensing, the robotic arm rotates 90° above the vaccine reservoir to inject the liquid. It subsequently rotates to a dilution platform for preparing the diluted solution, then completes the final injection into the reservoir. A built-in liquid pump on the reservoir side transfers the diluted vaccine to an inoculation machine. At the same time, a baffle is installed at the end of the conveyor belt, and a slide rail is installed below the baffle. After the liquid extraction operation, the waste vial is blocked by the baffle and enters the waste vial collection box set in the frame layer through the slide rail.

Figure 9.Vaccine liquid resolution and extraction device&Vaccine bottle opener &Rotary table transport and blocking device

The workstation realizes the closed circulation of vaccine liquid through the inheritance and connection with other modules, which eliminates the risk of cross-contamination. Meanwhile, it realizes intelligent fluid replenishment and recycling, real-time monitoring of vaccine liquid consumption, automatic replenishment of loss components, and supports long-term continuous operation.

2.5 Intelligent Sorting Unit

The intelligent sorting unit employs a multi-stage physical screening system integrated with machine vision technology to achieve automated and precise fry fish grading. The core module features a 15° incline metal grading plate equipped with 5mm fine mesh holes at the front and 8mm medium mesh holes at the rear, maintaining a tolerance of ±0.2mm. A spray shower system above the plate generates continuous water film through 0.2MPa pressure, assisting fry fishes in sliding while flushing surface mucus. An industrial-grade camera mounted on the plate's support frame captures real-time movement trajectories at 1920×1080 resolution. Visual algorithms simultaneously perform three-category quantity statistics (error < 2%) and surface disease detection (accuracy ≥ 95%). Three independent collection tanks for small, medium, and large fish are positioned below the plate, which are all constructed from PP material with bottom discharge valves and swivel casters for efficient transfer after sorting.

Figure 10.Assembly diagram of intelligent sorting unit and physical picture of 3D printing principal verification machine

The fish sorting process operates as follows:

1. After inoculation, fry fish enter the grading plate via a slide channel. Guided by a water film lubrication system, they naturally descend along the inclined surface.
2. Smaller fish (≤5 cm in body width) first pass through front-grade holes into the small fish collection pool. Remaining fry continues sliding to the middle section, where medium-sized specimens (≤8 cm) are screened through rear-grade holes into the medium fish pool. Larger unfiltered fish are ultimately directed to the terminal large fish collection pool. Throughout the whole process, there are cameras continuously monitoring the flock's condition, triggering system alerts if diseased specimens are detected.
3. After classification, operators can maneuver the collection pool to designated areas using swivel casters and activate bottom valves for centralized discharge, achieving a sorting efficiency of ≥1000 per minute.

To make our design more visually intuitive in the presentation：

The attached file below contains the drawing diagrams of our components.

2.6 Intelligent detection system

Machine learning endows the system with an "intelligent brain": The system innovatively integrates a machine learning decision-making system, which can intelligently assess the health status of fish larvae through visual analysis and dynamically optimize the fish sorting process, achieving a leap from automation to intelligence. The system first acquires the current image of the fish pond through the camera, uses image processing technology, and analyzes the photos of the fish pond to calculate health indicators, such as color, spots, gill movement frequency, and fish body defects. Based on the health indicators calculated, the system makes a decision: whether it is suitable for vaccination.

Furthermore, in order to ensure the stability of the vaccination environment and reduce the stress-induced injury rate of the fish, we have also developed a hardware control system. Users can monitor parameters such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, and vaccine concentration in real time through the Internet of Things control platform. The system supports one-click startup, fault alarm, and data traceability. The operation interface is simple and intuitive, allowing for full-process management without the need for professional personnel.

ANSYS Finite Element Analysis

Fish Separator Grading Plate

Material and yield strength: The main material is medical grade 316L stainless "σ" _"y" steel, whose yield strength at room temperature is 170 MPa. This material is selected to consider corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical strength.

Boundary condition: The analysis model fixes the rigidity of the lower plate (simulating the foundation constraint) and applies a uniform normal load of 1000 N in the central area of the upper plate (simulating the operating pressure or fish body force).

Stress analysis: The maximum von Mises "σ_max " effect stress appears in the central area of the upper plate, and its value is 0.01664 MPa.

Figure 11.Stress cloud diagram of fisher

The σ_max << σ_y (170 MPa), and the safety factor (SF = σ_y / σ_max) is very large, indicating that the structural strength is very abundant, and there is no risk of plastic deformation or static failure.

Figure 12.Deformation cloud map of fisher

Deformation analysis: As shown in the "σ_max " figure, the maximum deformation occurs in the central load-bearing area of the upper plate, and its value is 2.4×10-⁶ mm. This deformation is extremely small, far lower than the manufacturing tolerance and measurement accuracy (usually in microns or higher order), which can be completely ignored in engineering.

For the fish body, this magnitude of deformation does not produce any perceptible crushing or shear effect, effectively avoiding damage to the fish body caused by structural deformation. Fish water separation funnel material and yield strength.

The material is also 316L stainless steel (yield strength 170 MPa) to ensure that it is consistent with the material properties of the fish separator and corrosion resistant.

Boundary conditions: The analysis model will completely constrain the bottom surface of the support frame (simulating the connection with the foundation or rack), and apply an equivalent total load of 2000 N simulating the gravity of the fluid or fish weight on the side wall and/or inner surface of the bottom of the funnel (specify the force application surface and the nature of the simulated load).

Stress analysis: The maximum von Mises" " equivalent stress("σ_max" ) appears at the root area of the connection between the support frame and the main body of the funnel, and the value is 0.58499 MPa.

Figure 13. Fish water separation funnel deformation cloud map

The σ_max << σ_y (170 MPa), and the safety factor (SF ≈ 290) is still very high, indicating that the strength of funnel structure is reliable and meets the design bearing requirements.

Figure 14. Archimedes screw and bearing stress cloud diagram

Deformation Analysis:

The maximum deformation "σ_max " occurs at the free edge or central region of the funnel, and its value is "0.016524 mm(~16.5 μm" ). This deformation is small in magnitude and can usually be ignored in engineering applications (especially considering the manufacturing accuracy of the funnel itself and water flow disturbance).

For the fish and water separation function, this deformation will not affect the permeability of particulate matter, nor will it cause damage to the retained fish body.

Figure 15. Deformation cloud diagram of screw outlet support

Screw and support structure: stress and deformation analysis was carried out on the outlet support, bearing support and installation platform of the screw system. The results of stress analysis are as follows.

Screw outlet support: the maximum stress"(σmax)" occurs at both ends of the support, and the value is "0.0037 MPa" . This value is far lower than the yield strength of the material valuing 170 MPa, indicating that the support strength is sufficient.

Bearing support: The " σmax," maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the bearing seat, the connection with the platform or the stress concentration area, and the value is 0.04 MPa. It is far lower than the yield strength of the material 170 MPa, indicating that the support strength is sufficient.

Screw platform: The maximum "σmax," stress occurs around the screw bearing installation hole, below the center of the base plate or at the joint of the rib plate, with a value of W MPa. The safety is evaluated. It is pointed out that the stress of the three key support components is within the safe range.

• Support deformation: The maximum "σmax,0.0039 m" deformation occurs at the top of the support or the free end, and the value is. It has little effect on the working clearance of the bearing and can be ignored.
• Lift platform deformation: The maximum "σmax,3.36e-5 m" deformation occurs in the central area of the platform, and the value is negligible.
• Lug outlet support deformation: " σmax,0.0004 m" the maximum deformation occurs at the end of the cantilever, and the value is small enough to be ignored. In conclusion, the deformation of each support structure is very small (typical magnitude, such as μm), which is within the engineering installation tolerance and bearing working permission range, and will not adversely affect the flat stability, smooth operation and material delivery of the screw.

Current Effect

4.1 Analysis on Competitive Products

1. Injection inoculation technical scheme

Skala Maskon, a Norwegian company, is an internationally renowned developer and manufacturer of fishing vaccination equipment. Their closed-loop injection system utilizes negative pressure delivery technology and machine vision to position fish lateral lines, achieving a vaccination efficiency of 10,000 fish per hour (per unit). The system processes fish weighing 30-130 grams and features an automated supporting system with core components including:

A. The anesthesia device avoids the shutdown of medicine replacement through the double-chamber design and uses the screw conveyor to gently control the delivery rate of fish.

B. The buffer tank can be linked with the vision system to accurately calculate the average weight of the fish and control the delivery.

C. The fish pump system realizes the seamless connection of anesthesia, weighing and inoculation, ensuring an efficient and gentle processing process.

The whole set of equipment is highly complex (requiring supporting classification modules) and costs more than $500,000.

Figure 16. Maskon company fishing vaccine automatic injection inoculator (single unit and double unit)

2. Soaking inoculation technical scheme

Specifically designed for aquaculture hatcheries, Spain's FFFF (Fish Farm Feeder) has developed an automated vaccination system utilizing immersion immunization. The equipment inoculates fish by immersing them in a soaking tank containing vaccine suspension, suitable for all fish species with ideal weights ranging from 4 grams to 10 grams. Its standard internal barrier features 4-millimeter spacing between the grids. Key features and advantages include:

A. Adjust the concentration of vaccine solution according to fish species (conventional soaking: 108 CFU/ml, high osmotic soaking: combined with 5%NaCl).

B. The soaking time can be adjusted (30 seconds to 5 minutes) depending on the type of vaccine and the tolerance of the fish.

C. The inoculation efficiency can reach 1000-1500 kg/day (average fish weight of 2g per tail), and the average inoculation amount is 30,000 per hour.

Figure 17. Spanish FFFF fish vaccine intermittent immersion inoculator

Technical comparison

Compared with the advanced equipment of French FFF company and Norwegian Skala Maskon company (world leading), the innovative advantages of this equipment are reflected in the comprehensive breakthrough of inoculation efficiency, precision and fish body damage.

A. Processing efficiency: The equipment achieves a continuous inoculation capacity of 40,000 animals/hour, which is four times higher than Skala Maskon's automatic injection system (10,000 animals/hour per machine) and equal to the FFF immersion system.

B. Precision of Vaccination: This device utilizes a multi-source sensing system (120fps vision + bioimpedance + infrared spectroscopy) and LSTM neural network model to dynamically optimize parameters, achieving a vaccine penetration rate ≥95%—equivalent to Skala's injection-grade performance—while completely avoiding mechanical damage with a comprehensive injury rate ≤0.5% (compared to 10-15% in traditional injections). In contrast, the FFF immersion system relies on a hyperosmotic mode requiring hypertonic solutions, which may disrupt the body's internal homeostasis.

C. Cost-effectiveness of inoculation: The recycling of vaccine liquid in this equipment reduces the cost of single inoculation to 0.03 yuan (compared with 0.12 yuan in traditional injection), reduces the dosage of antibiotics by 90%, and is compatible with inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines and vector vaccines. In contrast, Skala equipment (cost more than 500,000 US dollars) only supports injection vaccines, and the inoculation cost is 300 yuan/10,000 animals.

The whole set of equipment is highly complex (requiring supporting classification modules) and costs more than $500,000.

4.2 Technical Applications

The large flounder (Turbot), a globally valued coastal fish species, has an annual fry production exceeding 1 billion. However, its vaccination process remains reliant on manual immersion methods, presenting two critical challenges:

1. Inefficiency. Traditional vaccination relies solely on manual injection, while immersion techniques require batch-wise intermittent operations that lack precise dosage control. With processing capacity of only 1,000-3,000 fry per hour, this approach fails to meet large-scale breeding demands.
2. Stress-induced damage. Injection vaccinations have a 95% survival rate (requiring anesthesia) but carry a 5-10% risk of secondary bacterial infections due to improper handling.

The continuous immersion system developed for this equipment is optimized according to the biological characteristics of turbot.

1. Specialized adaptation module. The Archimedes screw compartment volume is optimized to 0.5L/cavity, matching the body length of turbot fry (3-5cm), with precise control of vaccine solution circulation flow rate at 0.3L/s to ensure uniform contact with fish bodies.
2. Low-stress assurance. Through multi-source perception real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen (≥6 mg/L) and flow rate (≤0.2 m/s), combined with AI algorithm dynamic adjustment, respiratory frequency is stabilized at 40-45 breaths/min (traditionally fluctuating up to 80 breaths/min).
3. Efficient vaccination verification. Pilot tests at a seedling base in Shandong, China showed that the system processing efficiency reached 40,000 birds per hour, with a vaccine absorption rate of 98.2% and a survival rate ≥99.5%, representing a 15 percentage point improvement over traditional methods.

Currently, the equipment has already signed two cooperation agreements of intent to establish five demonstration sites in major production areas of flounder and halibut farming in Liaoning and Shandong provinces, China, with commercial promotion to be achieved by 2026.

Potential Value

Shrimp and crab immunization

For crustaceans such as white leg shrimp and swimming crab:

• Osmotic adaptation: Develop a nano-micromole vaccine chamber (particle size ≤50nm) and enhance the absorption of chitinous vaccine through negative pressure osmosis.
• Low damage sorting: integrated flexible vibrating screen (frequency ≤10Hz), the sorting damage rate can be controlled below 0.1%.

Deep sea aquaculture scenario

• Waves resistance design: The modular inoculation cabin can be carried on the deep-sea aquaculture platform such as intelligent cage, aquaculture fence and aquaculture work boat, and can be operated offshore through wave energy drive.
• Vaccine cold chain: Develop a phase change material temperature control system (4-8℃ constant temperature for 72 hours) to meet the needs of deep-sea transportation.

Multi-functional extension applications

• Seedling pre-treatment: Integrate the function of gene editing vector to realize the synergistic regulation of immunity enhancement and stress resistance.
• Precise drug delivery: adapted to the slow-release technology of parasitic control drugs, reducing the dosage by 50% in a single treatment.

4.4 Economic Benefits and Social Impact

Direct economic value

• Equipment sales: calculated according to the annual output of 200 units (unit price of 600,000 yuan), the output value reaches 120 million yuan.
• Service income: vaccine supporting and technical service fee is about 30 yuan / 10,000 animals, annual processing of 1 billion animals can generate revenue of 30 million yuan.
• Cost saving: The cost of single tail inoculation is reduced from 0.12 yuan in traditional injection to 0.03 yuan, saving more than 200 million yuan of breeding cost annually.

Industrial chain pulling effect

• Vaccine industry: Promote the development of adjuvant, sustained-release carrier and other supporting technologies, which is expected to drive the market size of more than 2 billion yuan.
• Equipment manufacturing: Promote the localization of high-precision sensors, servo motors and other products to replace imports, and increase the replacement rate to 60%.

Social and ecological benefits

• Antibiotic reduction action: A set of equipment can reduce the annual use of antibiotics by more than 90% ,helping achieve the goal of reducing the use of antibiotics in aquaculture by 30% by 2025.
• Food safety: the risk of drug residues reduces, and the project is expected to increase the qualification rate of aquatic products from 97.5% to 99.8%.
• Employment promotion: every 1,000 equipment operation and maintenance requirement can create 5,000 new technical jobs, promoting rural industrial upgrading.