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Parts

Throughout this project, we designed, engineered, assembled, and experimentally validated numerous standard biological parts. This page showcases all our used parts, including names, IDs, and direct links.

Overview


Our project introduces a modular collection of newly designed genetic parts assembled to enable fluorescence, secretion, uptake, metabolic production, and biosafety control. Using Golden Gate cloning into the broad-host-range backbone pJUMP24-1A, we constructed plasmids combining functional geneblocks and safety systems.

Overview of cloning strategy

This modular approach allowed us to generate Level 2 assemblies encoding fluorescent reporters (GFP, mCherry), therapeutic modules (L-DOPA biosynthesis), and kill switches for biosafety. Importantly, the design is fully interchangeable: future iGEM teams can replace or recombine parts to adapt the system for new functions or host organisms.

Taken together, this workflow illustrates the strength of our part collection. Its modularity and compatibility allow for flexible engineering of diverse functions, while its adaptability ensures that future iGEM teams can extend the system to target new therapeutics, chassis organisms, or host environments.

The parts collection consists of four categories:

  1. Functional geneblocks and component sources
  2. Kill switches
  3. Vectors
  4. Organisms

Table 1a. Functional Geneblocks


These transcriptional units were designed as modular inserts and assembled into the pJUMP backbone using Golden Gate Assembly (GGA). Each construct combines a fluorescent protein (fuGFP or mCherry) or a biosynthetic enzyme (TPL) with specific tags and signals that enable secretion, uptake, or cleavage functionality. To assess the role of each feature, we also created control constructs in which individual tags were omitted. This design allowed us to evaluate the contribution of each element.

Together, this part collection provides a versatile platform for both proof-of-concept (using fluorescent proteins) and therapeutic applications (such as L-DOPA biosynthesis).

ID Construct Function Tags / Signals Expected Outcome
1 J23119_promoter-RBS-fuGFP-FLAG-furin-Tat-LK15-HlyA Secretion + uptake + cleavage FLAG, furin, Tat-LK15, HlyA Secreted GFP::FLAG enters zebrafish gut cells and is cleaved to release free GFP
2 J23119_promoter-RBS-fuGFP-FLAG-furin-HlyA Secretion + cleavage FLAG, furin, HlyA GFP secreted into gut lumen, remains extracellular
3 J23119_promoter-RBS-fuGFP-FLAG-furin-Tat-LK15 Uptake + cleavage FLAG, furin, Tat-LK15 Cytosolic expression only; if lysis occurs, uptake may happen, cleavage possible
4 J23119_promoter-RBS-fuGFP-FLAG-Tat-LK15-HlyA Secretion + uptake FLAG, Tat-LK15, HlyA GFP secreted, taken up into host cells, uncleaved
5 J23119_promoter-RBS-fuGFP-FLAG-HlyA Secretion only FLAG, HlyA GFP secreted but not internalized
6 J23119_promoter-RBS-fuGFP-FLAG Fluorescence only FLAG Cytosolic GFP, no secretion
7 J23119_promoter-RBS-TPL-FLAG Express tyrosinase that produces L-DOPA FLAG Synthesis of therapeutic compound L-DOPA
8 J23119_promoter-RBS-mCherry-FLAG-lambda_t0_terminator Fluorescence only FLAG Cytosolic mCherry as reporter

In our GGA level 1 assemblies, geneblocks 1–8 were individually cloned into the main site of the pJUMP backbone. In level 2 assemblies, we combined geneblock 8 (mCherry) with each of the other constructs (1–7), enabling us to generate bacteria that simultaneously expressed red fluorescence while secreting GFP or producing L-DOPA (see engineering cycle - cloning - Plasmid design TU).

Table 1b. Component Sources


The constructs were built from well-characterized parts taken from the iGEM Registry, UniProt, or literature. By combining these elements into different transcriptional units, we created a modular collection that allows systematic testing of secretion, uptake, and therapeutic production.

Construct Component Function Sequence Source
J23119_promoter Constitutive Promoter BBa_J23119
RBS Ribosome binding site Standard iGEM part
fuGFP Fluorescent reporter protein BBa_K3814004
FLAG Small epitope tag Widely used sequence (gattacaaggatgacgacgataag)
furin site Protease cleavage site Widely used sequence (cgcgtgcgccgc)
Tat-LK15 Cell-penetrating peptide for uptake BBa_K3096016
HlyA Secretion signal peptide BBa_K554002
TPL Enzyme for L-DOPA production UniProt P31011 [tyrosine phenol-lyase]
mCherry Fluorescent reporter protein UniProt X5DSL3 [mCherry]
lambda_t0_terminator Terminator BBa_K3257021

Table 2. Kill Switches


Biosafety is a key requirement in our project. We therefore designed and integrated genetic kill switch systems that allow external control and prevent uncontrolled bacterial growth. The kill switches were cloned into the downstream sites of the pJUMP backbone (see engineering cycle - design kill switches).

ID Construct Name Mechanism Inducer / Control Signal Part Name Function
KS1 Arabinose-induced suicide switch
pBAD + mazF
Toxin–antitoxin; expression of MazF endoribonuclease halts growth/causes death L-arabinose BBa_K3036005 Conditional kill switch; population terminates when arabinose is added
KS2 Quorum-sensing
pLux + LuxR ± LuxI
Inducible lysis/expression via quorum sensing; LuxR + AHL activate pLux promoter AHL (N-Acyl homoserine lactones produced by LuxI) + LuxR presence BBa_R0062 (pLux), BBa_C0062 (LuxR), BBa_C0061 (LuxI) Controls expression/killing via cell density or external autoinducer
Overview of kill switches

Table 3. Vectors


All functional geneblocks were assembled into the Joint Universal Modular Plasmid (pJUMP) backbone, a modular vector platform compatible with both Golden Gate and BioBrick standards. Built on the Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA), the pJUMP collection provides plasmids with diverse replication origins, offering flexibility in copy number and host range, including broad-host-range options .

Backbone Part Name Origin of Replication Copy Number Features Host Range
pJUMP24-1A(sfGFP) BBa_J428326 SEVA broad-host-range High Golden Gate compatible, BsaI/BsmBI cloning E. coli, Pseudomonas, other Gram-negative bacteria
Design of Joint Universal Modular Plasmids

Figure showing the design of Joint Universal Modular Plasmids from Valenzuela-Ortega & French (2021) .

Table 4. Organisms


We made use of a standard cloning strain, our target chassis organism, and a vertebrate model system.

Strain Role Notes
E. coli DH5-alpha Cloning host High efficiency, easy to transform, used for plasmid assembly.
Pseudomonas alcaligenes Target chassis Commensal gut bacterium of the zebrafish, chosen for colonization and therapeutic delivery.
Danio rerio (zebrafish) Model organism Transparent larvae allow live gut imaging, 70% gene homology with humans.
Transgenic lines used:
  • Wild type AB
  • Casper fli1a:GFP - green vasculature
  • Casper kdrl:mCherry - red vasculature

Supplementary Information


See engineering cycles: Table 1. Parts planned to use from iGEM distribution kit in cycle 1: Assembly using the iGEM distribution kit.

  1. Valenzuela-Ortega, M., & French, C. (2021). Joint universal modular plasmids (JUMP): a flexible vector platform for synthetic biology. Synthetic Biology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/synbio/ysab003
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