photo describtion
test
| Therapy | Efficacy | Annual Cost | Side Effects | Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhaled Corticosteroids | Moderate - insufficient alone | Low $120-$600/yr | Local (oral thrush, dysphonia); systemic only at very high doses |
First-line controller; easy access; steroid-responsive phenotypes benefit most
|
| Systemic Corticosteroids | High - Short term control | Drug cost low (<$100/yr) but complication costs very high | Major long-term toxicities: weight gain, diabetes, HTN, osteoporosis, adrenal suppression |
Effective but undesirable long-term; major driver of morbidity/cost
|
| Advanced Biologics | High | High — ~$30k-$60k+/yr | Injection reactions; immune effects |
Targeted, often steroid-sparing; best for eosinophilic/allergic phenotypes; access depends on biomarkers & payer rules
|
| Macrolide Antibiotics | Modest with neutrophilic asthma | Low — generic: <$100-$1,000/yr | GI upset, QT prolongation risk, hearing loss (rare), risk of antimicrobial resistance |
Only non-biologic option with evidence in neutrophilic asthma; public health/AMR concerns limit uptake
|
| PRESS | Expected high | High (per model): $8k-$15k per capsule | Unknown long-term risks for engineered live microbe & expressed siRNA. Long-run use of bacteria may cause pleural effusion |
Novel modality: infrequent dosing, local delivery, H₂O₂-responsive control; could compete with biologics if safety & efficacy
|
