PARTS
Overview

The project focused on optimizing key regulatory parts—five promoters (AOX1, CAT1, FDH1, AOX713) and four signal peptides (α-factor, SP4, SP14, 0030)—to enhance the expression and secretion of the antimicrobial peptide Plectasin NZ2114 in Pichia pastoris. By constructing recombinant plasmids combining different promoter and signal peptide parts, the team screened for the most effective part combinations that enabled high-level, functional expression of NZ2114, demonstrating the critical role of selecting and engineering these genetic parts in developing an efficient production platform.

Parts Collection

Name

Part Number

Type

Description

Plectasin-NZ2114

BBa_25DAT2H3

Basic part

Plectasin, the first fungal Plectasin, the first fungal defensin discovered in 2005, is effective against Gram-positive bacteria without harming human cells or causing antibiotic resistance. NZ2114 is a modified version with three amino acid changes (D9N, M13L, Q14R).

AOX1 promoter

BBa_K5384004

Exist Basic part

The AOX1 promoter is a strong inducible promoter from the alcohol oxidase 1 gene, commonly used for high-level expression of heterologous genes in methanol-utilizing yeast.

FDH1 promoter

BBa_25Y7VR7B

Exist Basic part

The FDH1 promoter is a strong, constitutive promoter derived from the formate dehydrogenase 1 gene, commonly used to drive stable gene expression in yeast.

CAT1 promoter

BBa_250YWZY2

Basic part

The CAT1 promoter is a constitutive promoter and commonly used to drive gene expression in yeast under various conditions.

AOX713 Promoter

BBa_2509YDPZ

Basic part

The AOX713 promoter is a modified version of the AOX1 promoter from Pichia pastoris, induced by methanol to drive high-level expression of target genes.

SP4-alpha-factor signal peptide

BBa_25W90YSW

Basic part

SP14- alpha-factor signal peptide

BBa_25EJSAXC

Basic part

Endogenous signal peptide of Pichia pastoris cells

0030-α-factor SP

BBa_259J4DW3

Exist Basic part

Endogenous signal peptide of Pichia pastoris cells

α-factor SP

BBa_K4077005

Exist Basic part

The alpha factor signal peptide is used in *Pichia pastoris* cells to direct the secretion of recombinant proteins.

pPIC9K-backbone

BBa_252FQI57

Plasmid backbone

pPIC9K is a shuttle vector used in Pichia pastoris for high-level expression of recombinant proteins.

pPIC9K-AOX1-⍺Factor-Plectasin NZ2114

BBa_25P0CGVJ

Composite part

AOX1 promoter drives the expression of Plectasin NZ2114

pPIC9K-FDH1-⍺Factor-Plectasin NZ2114

BBa_25NJWF2D

Composite part

FDH1 promoter drives the expression of Plectasin NZ2114

pPIC9K-CAT1-⍺Factor-Plectasin NZ2114

BBa_25Y7DCBM

Composite part

CAT1 promoter drives the expression of Plectasin NZ2114

pPIC9K-AOX713-⍺Factor-Plectasin NZ2114

BBa_25FBRV07

Composite part

AOX713 promoter drives the expression of Plectasin NZ2114

pPIC9K-AOX1-SP4-Plectasin NZ2114

BBa_25EMVDZF

Composite part

SP4 signal peptide drives the secretion of Plectasin NZ2114

pPIC9K-AOX1-SP14-Plectasin NZ2114

BBa_25YORBVC

Composite part

SP14 signal peptide drives the secretion of Plectasin NZ2114

pPIC9K-AOX1-0030-Plectasin NZ2114

BBa_25D2294J

Composite part

0030 signal peptide drives the secretion of Plectasin NZ2114

Reference

[1] Yang Y, Teng D, Zhang J, et al. Characterization of recombinant plectasin: solubility, antimicrobial activity and factors that affect its activity[J]. Process biochemistry, 2011, 46(5): 1050-1055.

Mygind P H, Fischer R L, Schnorr K M, et al. Plectasin is a peptide antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a saprophytic fungus[J]. Nature, 2005, 437(7061): 975-980.

[2] Jing, X. L., Luo, X. G., Tian, W. J., Lv, L. H., Jiang, Y., Wang, N., & Zhang, T. C. (2010). High-level expression of the antimicrobial peptide plectasin in Escherichia coli. Current microbiology, 61(3), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-010-9596-3

[3] Zhang J, Yang Y, Teng D, et al. Expression of plectasin in Pichia pastoris and its characterization as a new antimicrobial peptide against Staphyloccocus and Streptococcus[J]. Protein expression and purification, 2011, 78(2): 189-196.

[4] Wang N, Wang Y J, Li G Q, et al. Expression, characterization, and antimicrobial ability of T4 lysozyme from methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha A16[J]. Science China Life Sciences, 2011, 54: 520-526.

[5] Zhang, Y., Teng, D., Mao, R. et al. High expression of a plectasin-derived peptide NZ2114 in Pichia pastoris and its pharmacodynamics, postantibiotic and synergy against Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98, 681–694

[6] Nong L, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Hu S, Lin Y, Liang S. Engineering the regulatory site of the catalase promoter for improved heterologous protein production in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett. 2020 Dec;42(12):2703-2709. doi: 10.1007/s10529-020-02979-x. Epub 2020 Aug 17. PMID: 32808199.

[7] Patent application publication. No.: US/2024/0141363 A1