Introduction

In the panorama of Chinese intellectual history, Mozi, the founder of the Mohist school in the pre-Qin era, may be regarded as the earliest pioneer of scientific thought in China. Drawing inspiration from the Mohist principle of "Promote the world's benefits, eliminate the world's harms," we affirm that the pursuit of technology must, above all, be directed toward the advancement of human welfare.

Inheriting the Mohist spirit, our Human Practices work pursues "how we influence the world and how the world influences us." Under the premise of serving human welfare, we interact with society, understand social needs, continuously engage with stakeholders, and thereby clarify our goals and directions.

Antibiotic abuse, identified by the WHO as one of the greatest threats to global health, food safety, and development, is a complex international problem that is difficult to eradicate. This requires us to comprehensively consider different stakeholders at various levels and stages in our Human Practices work. We should obtain external feedback through continuous interaction and promptly improve our research direction. For this purpose, we established a nested dual-cycle model of EFUV and DBTL. These two cycles are highly integrated and together constitute the core process of our integrated Human Practices.

Cycle

In our project, Integrated Human Practices (iHP) is not an auxiliary component but a process that advances in parallel with experimental exploration and mutually shapes each other. Our project adopts a dual-cycle model:

Inner Cycle: DBTL Cycle (Design-Build-Test-Learn) focuses on experimental design, building expression systems, experimental testing and learning, thereby promoting optimization of LL-37 in expression, purification and function.

Outer Cycle: EFUV Cycle (Explore-Feedback-Update-Validate) explores social needs and ethical considerations, collects and integrates feedback from the public and stakeholders, updates project plans accordingly, and validates social acceptance and implementation feasibility — ensuring the project remains aligned with evolving expectations throughout its execution.

This dual-cycle nested structure ensures that technological progress and social feedback advance hand in hand, reinforcing each other.

Through the integration of EFUV and DBTL, the project adopts a spiral circular structure, in which technology provides solutions for society, while societal needs, in turn, stimulate further technological iteration.

Stakeholders

Clarifying which groups our project involves and their interests, expectations, and influence is key to ensuring the effectiveness of feedback and validation in the iHP cycle. Therefore, we conducted detailed classification of stakeholders involved in the project. Drawing inspiration from the Mendelow matrix, we analyzed their roles and influence in the project.

Moral and Ethical Analysis

The success of a biotechnology project depends not only on technical realization but also on its ability to withstand scrutiny in areas such as ethics, safety, equity, and social responsibility. Through systematic ethical analysis, the project seeks to ensure compliance with standards of fairness, safety, accountability, and social value, making the LL-37 project not only feasible but also justifiable.