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HARDWARE
Hardware in iGEM should make synthetic biology based on standard parts easier, faster, better, or more accessible to our community.
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Overview

The hardware component is a colorimetric biosensor designed to provide a simple, rapid, and low-cost method for monitoring the production of high-value industrial compounds synthesized by our bacterium, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), which can be tailored for biodiesel production.


The device relies on an enzymatic cascade that produces a measurable color change in response to specific metabolites: this system enables direct quantification of TAGs and offers a portable alternative to conventional analytical techniques.

Background & Problem

The engineered bacterium produces high-value metabolites that need to be quantified reliably. Standard analytical techniques (e.g., GC-MS, HPLC) are precise but expensive, complex, and not easily accessible for routine testing.


The biosensor, based on an enzymatic cascade, provides a fast, low-cost, and portable method to monitor the concentration of TAGs in samples, supporting process optimization and rapid feedback.

Biosensor Principle

The biosensor design relies on a key enzyme: lipase, which initiates the enzymatic cascade. The system is specifically optimized to detect triacylglycerols (TAGs), converting them through a reaction cascade into a chromogenic compound, producing a visible color change.


Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of TAGs into intermediates and the reaction products trigger a cascade that leads to the formation of a chromophoric compound: the resulting color intensity correlates with the concentration of TAGs.

Immagine biosensore

Comparison with traditional analytical methods

The quantification of triacylglycerols (TAGs) has traditionally relied on high-precision instrumental methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and, in some cases, mass spectrometry (MS). These techniques provide excellent sensitivity and specificity, allowing accurate identification and quantification of the lipid species present in a sample. These approaches however demand high cost equipment, specialized operators, and considerable analysis time, which limits their applicability for rapid or frequent monitoring within biotechnological workflows. In addition, the need for extensive sample preparation limits their applicability for routine use beyond specialized laboratories.


The proposed colorimetric biosensor represents an innovative and complementary alternative to these conventional techniques: it enables the detection of TAGs in a simple, rapid, and low-cost manner, converting the presence of lipids into a colorimetric signal that can be directly observed by the naked eye or quantified using portable and easy-to-use devices. This approach eliminates the need for complex instrumentation, reduces response times from hours to minutes, and allows the method to be applied directly in contexts with limited analytical resources. In perspective, the biosensor does not fully replace chromatographic techniques, but complements them by providing an agile and accessible tool for preliminary screening, process optimization, and real-time monitoring of TAG production.

Device design: grafica e foto vere

Device design

Prototyping and Development

The development roadmap is divided into three main phases:

  • Phase 1: Preliminary testing: evaluation of lipase activity on TAG substrates.
  • Phase 2: Optimization: development of the enzymatic cascade, selection of the chromophore, and definition of reaction conditions.
  • Phase 3: Hardware integration: embedding the enzymatic system into a physical support (strip, cuvette, cartridge) and designing a simplified optical reader.
For detailed experimental procedures and daily progress, please refer to our Lab Notebook. (link notebook)

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Biochemical Specifications

Results Graph/Chart

Analytical Results

Future Improvement

Video iniziale

Best Hardware

This is a prize for the team that has developed a piece of hardware for synthetic biology. Hardware in iGEM should make synthetic biology based on standard parts easier, faster, better or more accessible to our community. Did your team make a sensor to help teams characterize parts? Did you make a robot that can help teams perform experiments or do cloning more easily? Strong competitors for this prize will demonstrate utility, user testing, and easy reproducibility.


Visit the Special Prizes page for more information.

Overview


In addition to encouraging teams to work with DNA parts and build biological devices in the lab, iGEM also encourages other types of technical solutions for synthetic biology. This can include physical devices (hardware) related to robotic assembly, microfluidics, low-cost measurement devices, to name a few examples. There are many exciting opportunities for hardware innovation in synthetic biology.