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Education: Bridging Society and Synthetic Biology


Synthetic biology stands at the frontier of 21st-century science, yet its concepts and implications often remain distant from everyday life. We believe that understanding how to interact with microorganisms, genetically modified organisms, and the possibilities of synthetic biology should not be reserved for specialists. That is why our education efforts span across high school students and teachers, university peers, and the broader public—ensuring no one is left behind.

More than "spreading knowledge," our goal is to create a dialogue: listening, exchanging, and translating complex science into accessible ideas. From fundamental principles to real-world applications, our initiatives strive to open the door to a field that is reshaping our world, while fostering curiosity and critical reflection in diverse communities.

"Educare è come seminare: il frutto non è garantito e non è immediato, ma se non si semina è certo che non ci sarà raccolto." - Carlo Maria Martini
"Education is like sowing seeds: the harvest is never immediate nor guaranteed, but without sowing, there can be no harvest at all." - Carlo Maria Martini

Build Your HERO! - Our SynBio Boardgame


Who said you can have fun with bacteria only in the lab? With our boardgame, we transferred that fun to the table. Build Your HERO introduces players to the challenges of synthetic biology in a playful and interactive way, where each participant manages their own lab and tackles the degradation of a pollutant. By designing plasmids, performing transformations, and harnessing the unique "superpowers" of different bacterial chassis, players discover the principles of genetic engineering while competing.

Educational games have been shown to enhance motivation and knowledge retention compared to traditional methods [1][2], making play a powerful tool for learning. With Build Your HERO, science becomes not only understandable but also engaging, sparking curiosity well beyond the classroom.

Why our SynBio Boardgame is different?


Our board game vividly brings real laboratory dynamics to life, turning complex lab processes and everyday challenges into an engaging tabletop experience. You know all those things you understand perfectly in the lab but can never quite explain to your friends or family? Well, now you have the solution! Come and discover a sneak peek of what our game is all about! 

Explore the Game Cards

Contamination
budget-cuts
uncalibrated-pipette
Events
backup
gibson-assembly
codon-optimization
Investment
escherichia-coli
pseudomonas-putida
rhodococcus-opacus
Bacteria
bp3
pet
atrazine
Pollutants
terminator
ligase
promoter
Parts

Let’s play together


  • Players: 2-6
  • Average playtime: 1h – 1h 30m
  • Age 17+
Game stat 1
Player Token
Game stat 2
1$ Banknote
Game stat 3
2$ Banknote
Game stat 4
5$ Banknote
Game stat 5
Dice 1
Game stat 6
Dice 2
Players number
Game Clock
Green Deck
Green Deck Back
Green Deck
Red Deck Front
Red Deck Back
Events Deck
Card info 1

Cutest card of all – your bacterium! Not just a mascot, but your most powerful ally! Each bacterium has its own unique ability, conferring tangible advantages in some aspects of the game. For example, Rhodococcus opacus is so good at degrading pollutants that you can insert one gene less than the other players. It is very powerful but grant us some favor toward our dear friend, which gives us so much trouble in the lab.

Rhodococcus Card
Card info 2

Your final goal! Degrading it is hard, we are aware, but the world will love you. Transform your bacterium with all the required genes and you will win. Simple in theory, not so easy in practice.

PET Card
Card info 3

Cloning techs allow to create new vectors tailored to your needs. Make sure to have always one of them, or the disadvantage will be greater than expected. You will see every technique you use in your lab – some will bring good memories; others will make you roll your eyes to the sky because you thought you finally had gotten away with it.

Gibson Assembly
Card info 4

This is your secret stash of cards. Avoid giving hints to the other players, or they might feel an irresistible urge to steal from your hand. Yes, there are some not-so-ethical investments allowing to steal from other's labs. Also, don't be so greedy: you can only have five cards at the end of your turn.

Action Card 1
Card info 5

This is your secret stash of cards. Avoid giving hints to the other players, or they might feel an irresistible urge to steal from your hand. Yes, there are some not-so-ethical investments allowing to steal from other's labs. Also, don't be so greedy: you can only have five cards at the end of your turn.

Action Card 2
Card info 6

This is your secret stash of cards. Avoid giving hints to the other players, or they might feel an irresistible urge to steal from your hand. Yes, there are some not-so-ethical investments allowing to steal from other's labs. Also, don't be so greedy: you can only have five cards at the end of your turn.

Action Card 3
📖
Rulebook Preview

Download the complete rulebook for Build Your HERO!

Download PDF
🃏
Game Materials

Download all cards and printable game materials

Download Full Set

School


High schools are a crucial space where curiosity meets future choice. By engaging with students and teachers at this stage, we can inspire the next generation to see synthetic biology not as distant science, but as an accessible and exciting field. Reaching out early helps foster awareness, critical thinking, and enthusiasm that can shape how society approaches biotechnology in the years to come.

Students

Why high school students?

High school is often the first moment when students encounter biology in a structured and experimental way, and the impressions they form at this stage strongly influence how they perceive science later on. Introducing synthetic biology during these years helps demystify complex concepts and shows that cutting-edge research is not beyond their reach.

Students are not only the “future,” as is often said, but also the “present”: they already shape how science is perceived within their schools, families, and communities. By engaging them now, we recognize their active role as contributors to today’s dialogue on biotechnology, not just tomorrow’s researchers.

Students activity
🎯

Topic

Introduction to Synthetic Biology

👩‍🏫

Teaching strategy

Playful Learning with our Boardgame

🤝

Peer-To-Peer activity

Methods

Our approach with high school students combined an introduction to the key building blocks of synthetic biology with an interactive learning activity. To achieve this, we designed the board game Build Your HERO, which allows students to explore synthetic biology concepts in a playful and accessible way. This choice was intentional: while high school students may not yet be ready to dive deeply into complex theoretical details, they can still meaningfully engage with the ideas when presented through creative and enjoyable formats.

Importantly, this does not mean lowering the scientific content but rather finding methods that spark curiosity and sustain attention. We believe it is more valuable to leave a positive impression on many students, encouraging them to see science as approachable and exciting, than to focus on training a single “future synthetic biologist” while others leave without retaining anything.

In this effort, we were also praised for being 20–23 years old ourselves: our age and experience made us relatable role models, closer to the students’ perspective and more effective in creating a genuine connection than adults who might be perceived as distant.

Lectures and Activities

The outreach activities consisted of two-hour sessions conducted directly in the high school classrooms of 17–18-year-old students. Each lesson began with a brief introduction to synthetic biology, focusing on fundamental concepts such as genetic parts, genes, plasmids, and assemblies. The aim was not to overwhelm students with technicalities, but to slightly expand their pre-existing knowledge so that they could follow and understand the dynamics of the game.

Following this introduction, students were divided into groups of approximately six and invited to play Build Your HERO. In the game, each card representing a biological element is accompanied by concise “scientific notes” clarifying its real biological role, linking the playful activity back to authentic scientific principles. This structure ensured that the students not only enjoyed the activity but also engaged with key aspects of synthetic biology in a memorable and accessible way.

If you want to know more, go and take a look at the Boardgame page

Science Teachers' Update Course

Why high school teachers?

If we want to inspire students, our impact is often limited to the short time we can spend with them. Teachers, on the other hand, accompany their students every day for nine months a year, shaping their curiosity and guiding their learning. An engaged and curious teacher naturally transmits that enthusiasm to their students, while their expertise as educators allows them to find the most effective ways to make complex topics accessible and engaging.

By working with teachers, we multiply our reach: every new idea we share can echo through classrooms long after our visit, turning a single moment of education into a sustained journey of discovery.

Teachers course
🧠

Focus:

How researchers operate in synthetic biology

💻

Dry lab:

Bioinformatics analysis of proteins

🧪

Wet lab:

Cloning techniques and Bacterial transformation

Methods

Our approach to teaching science teachers was grounded in the principles of adult learning, recognizing that educators are not only experienced learners but also professionals who must continuously adapt their skills to transmit knowledge effectively. Unlike students, teachers are capable of engaging with specialized content and complex scientific concepts, making it possible to provide a deeper theoretical basis and advanced technical knowledge.

At the same time, we emphasized translatability: rather than limiting the course to advanced knowledge, we developed modules that could be directly adapted for classroom teaching. We introduced concrete and manageable laboratory experiments—designed to be performed with limited resources but still representative of real molecular biology practices. Similarly, we provided teachers with user-friendly bioinformatics tools and step-by-step workflows that can be integrated into classroom activities, lowering technical barriers while retaining scientific rigor.

Lectures and Activities

Dry Lab

Bioinformatics is a key pillar of modern biology, bridging experimental data and biological insight, allowing researchers to uncover patterns, predict functions, and accelerate discoveries from genes to ecosystems. Since it is never included in Italian high school curricula, we wanted to empower teachers to bring this innovative field to their students.

The course focused on bioinformatic methods for the analysis of proteins, from their primary sequence to their structure.

Wet Lab

The wet lab part consisted of two main experiments: carrying out a Gibson Assembly and STR Typing. These experiments were selected because they were deemed achievable also by students and will be proposed to them later during the year.

The school's laboratory is very well equipped, and we wanted to expand the range of possibilities available for teachers. They had no prior experience with cloning techniques, so we introduced and trained them in these methods. While they routinely performed STR typing using pre-defined kits, they lacked the ability to design custom experiments; we addressed this gap by teaching them how to build their own primers and plan their own assays.

Explore all the Lectures and Labs

The first day was fully dedicated to bioinformatics, providing teachers with the foundational tools and concepts every bioinformatician commonly uses. As fluorescent proteins are widely employed in synthetic biology and would be used the following days in the experiments, they were chosen as case study.

Teachers analyzed the primary sequences of these proteins using both global pairwise alignments and multiple sequence alignments (MSA), exploring sequence conservation and variability. Subsequently, they examined the 3D structures using ChimeraX, gaining insight into how sequence differences translate into structural and functional variations.

Important: All tools used—BLAST Suite and ChimeraX—are freely available and fully usable in classroom settings, making them directly transferable to teaching activities.

The second day introduced teachers to the real-world possibilities of synthetic biology, highlighting its applications in biotechnology, medicine, and environmental sustainability. After this overview, we moved from theory to practice with a hands-on session on Gibson Assembly, a modern DNA cloning technique that allows seamless joining of multiple DNA fragments in a single reaction. This gave teachers the opportunity to experience one of the key methods used in synthetic biology research and to understand how genetic constructs can be built in the lab.

The third day was dedicated to putting the assembled construct into action through bacterial transformation.

The final day focused on primer design for STR typing, a technique already familiar to teachers but usually performed with fixed commercial kits.

We introduced the principles of effective primer design, covering key characteristics such as optimal length, melting temperature, the use of a GC clamp, etc. Participants then applied these rules to design their own primers and tested them in on genomic DNA—successfully confirming that their primers worked. This session not only expanded their technical skills but also gave them the autonomy to design experiments beyond the limitations of pre-defined kits.

Costs

Bioinformatics: completely free and available for any major operative systems (Windows, MacOS, Linux)

Wet Lab: considering that reagents are often sold in quantities which can be used for more than one reaction, reagent costs are estimated around 30€ per person taking part in the lab. Costs may vary depending on the seller and on the country. The following machinery is required: thermal cycler, microwave oven, electrophoresis cell, incubator, heated water bath, microcentrifuge, micropipettes, transilluminator.

University

Why reaching out to undergraduates?

Engaging with undergraduates is a crucial step in strengthening the future of synthetic biology. At this stage of their education, students are beginning to specialize, make decisions about internships, and choose directions for their theses and their future careers. Peers introducing them to synthetic biology provides not only knowledge but also inspiration, showing how their skills can be applied to pressing global challenges.>

Methods

University students already possess a strong scientific foundation, allowing for deeper discussions on both technical and ethical dimensions of synthetic biology. For this reason, our educational methods were tailored to their specific needs: we introduced specialized content that went far beyond high school basics, focusing on advanced applications and real research practices.

As peers, we could frame synthetic biology in a relatable way, sharing experiences of internships, thesis work, and career opportunities that resonated directly with their stage of study. This peer-to-peer approach not only made our activities more accessible but also highlighted the concrete paths through which undergraduates can actively contribute to, and eventually shape, the future of the field.

Seminar for Viral and Microbial Biotechnologies Course

Professor Marco Rinaldo Oggioni invited us to hold a seminar for his Viral and Microbial Biotechnologies course, part of the Biotechnology degree taught at the University of Bologna – and we gladly accepted the opportunity! The aim was diving inside the thought process needed to carry out synthetic biology experiments, such as our iGEM project.

We began by exploring the fundamentals of systems and synthetic biology, including the concept of metabolic engineering and the characteristics that define an ideal microbial chassis. From there, we delved into the design of plasmids, examining their essential components. We also investigated strategies for identifying genes to insert, drawing on resources like KEGG metabolic maps and cheminformatics-based prediction tools.

Finally, we gave a short overview of what the iGEM competition is and its contributions for the advancement of synthetic biology.

We believe that the insights shared during the session will inspire and equip the students with the knowledge and motivation to further explore synthetic biology. Overall, it was a positive experience for both us and the students, and we look forward to seeing the innovative projects they will develop in the future - and we left some hints to form a team for the next years!

Social Outreach


We maintain profiles on the major social networks – Instagram (@bacman_igem) and TikTok (@bacmania). We believe they are useful tools to spread the word of synthetic biology in a friendly and catchy way, allowing us to reach a broad and probably inexperienced public. We don't want to just teach notions, but we want to make them entertaining. Synthetic biology and memes – we can do both!

Instagram

Why we choose Instagram?

Instagram is the most widely used social network among young people today. Major Italian newspapers such as La Repubblica, Il Post, and Corriere della Sera have opened media channels on the platform to share current news and report on events around the world. In the scientific field as well, journals like Nature and Science have built a large following. Beyond that, Instagram hosts a growing number of science communicators who have made social media their profession. In Italy, well-known examples include Barbascura and GeoPop, while internationally we can think of pages like Andrew Huberman and Jessie Inchauspé. As the data also shows, we believe this platform is one of the most effective ways to reach a broad audience, from young people to adults, allowing us to make ourselves known and to explain to the public what synthetic biology is.

Which strategy we adopt?

On social media, we mainly worked with three different types of content: reels, carousels, and themed stories. Since we started from scratch, in order to build visibility and grow our audience, we reached out to several Italian science communicators and UNIBO student groups with whom we planned shared posts. This strategy allowed us to reach a broader audience than our own while helping us grow at the same time.

  • Reels were chosen for their transparency: people often feel more engaged when explanations are given directly by a person
  • Carousels were chosen for collaborations: being permanent and easy to read, they allow people to quickly get interested in a topic and explore it further through questions
  • Themed stories were chosen to provide continuity: having regular weekly stories about current events keeps people updated and helps create a stronger connection with what the page has to offer

The biggest strategy we built our communication on, however, was memes. We asked ourselves: how can we explain science to people outside our field? The answer is memes, as our advisor Stefano Bertacchi has taught us. Explaining science through humor and short, easy-to-digest content is the best way to bring the wider public closer to our field—and we are here to prove it!

Work done!

Reels
Carousels
Stories

TikTok

Why we choose TikTok?

TikTok is the platform of young people—it's the app designed to gain visibility and entertain an audience. When we chose this communication channel, our idea was to interact with today's youth by explaining, in the simplest and most approachable way, what it means to take part in iGEM and what life in the lab is like.

Which strategy we adopt?

TikTok is a social platform that requires continuity, which is why we created a series of videos that either followed viral trends or used voiceovers to share parts of our daily life.

The goal? To bring as many people as possible closer to this world in a simple and entertaining way, because very often simplification is the key to reaching a wider audience.

Work done!

Here are just some of the videos that we shared on our pages. If you want to know more, follow us on TikTok @bacmania and Instagram @bacman_igem!

Corporate Outreach


We connect with companies to share the latest in bioremediation, sparking innovation and promoting sustainable practices—making science both relevant and engaging.

Omics Sciences in Bioremediation

Why we choose to apply education in this field?

When we talk about education, we often think of children, students, or young people, but rarely do we consider a large segment of the already educated audience: companies. Many companies look to young people for innovations and updates that can help implement green and low-waste strategies in their production systems, and this is exactly where we can make our voice heard.

How we have acted?

For the purpose of keeping companies updated, we wrote an overview of the omics techniques used in bioremediation for Eni Rewind SpA. You can find a brief summary of it and the complete pdf below!

Abstract:

Bioremediation represents a sustainable and promising strategy for the restoration of environments contaminated by chemical, organic, and metallic pollutants, leveraging the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms. In recent years, the application of omics technologies—including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics—has revolutionized the study of microbial communities involved in degradation processes, enabling the analysis of both taxonomic composition and metabolic functions of microbial consortia.

Metagenomics allows the identification of genes and metabolic pathways in both culturable and unculturable microorganisms, while metatranscriptomics reveals gene expression responses to specific contaminants. Metaproteomics provides insights into proteins that are actively expressed and their regulation, complementing the understanding of ongoing biochemical processes. Metabolomics characterizes the produced metabolites and evaluates contaminant transformation pathways.

The integration of these omics approaches, supported by advanced bioinformatic tools and systems biology strategies, offers a comprehensive understanding of environmental microbiomes and their degradative potential, opening new avenues for the design of optimized microbial consortia and predictive bioremediation strategies. This review discusses the advantages, limitations, and recent applications of omics technologies in the context of emerging pollutant degradation, highlighting their future potential for sustainable and targeted interventions.

Reflecting on our Impact


Now that our 2025 iGEM Education journey has (almost) come to an end, it is time to look back and analyze our impact.

Target

We have reached as many groups as possible, ensuring that no one had been left out. From high school students to their teachers, from university students to the general public, we enjoyed spreading the word of synthetic biology.

120+
High School Students
13
Teachers
400+
Instagram Followers
100K+
Instagram Views
15+
University Students

Activities with students, both from university and high school, were completely free and were held in their institutions to ensure that economical disadvantages would not have been a problem. All our public content on social media is completely free, as good-quality scientific communication should be.

One of our biggest achievements is being praised as young educators for being close to the students. They guaranteed us it is very important to offer young role models to avoid that the topic is perceived as distant and out of reach. Well, we acknowledge that it did not require much effort from us just being young, but it is an underestimated advantage that more of our peers should be aware of, and not waste it.

Methods

We are proud of how we tailored the activities based on our target to maximize the impact of our limited time. Not only boring frontal lectures, we wanted to demonstrate that biology is fun! Based on the audience, we managed to calibrate the level of theoretical complexity and abstract notions, and/or practical and playful activities, to perfectly match the needs of the public.

Activities Summary
Figure. Summary of our educational activities tailored to different target audiences.

To organize the activities for the students, we closely collaborated with their teachers and professors, taking advantage of their professional knowledge on teaching and communication. DIY is fine, but we prefer to learn from the best whenever possible.

Available Materials

All the materials we used for all of our activities are freely available in each section and 99% of them have been translated also to English, so feel free to use them! Maybe cite us, but we would be more than glad to know we have helped to construct good-quality educational activities.

Satisfaction Surveys

Take a look at the results! Here is how we performed and how we can improve. We are very proud of the results, showing that our methods were effective.

All teachers filled in the survey. All students received the form, but not everyone filled it in. As we could not enforce the answer, out of 42 students only 22 completed the form. Therefore, we are aware that results might be affected by self-selection bias and/or non-response bias. However, the behavior observed and the opinions we gathered during the activities seem to confirm survey results.

Science teachers successfully got interested in synthetic biology and appreciated the structure of the course. Most importantly, they confirmed that they gained new topics, resources, and strategies they could use in their every-day teaching work. This is what we hoped to achieve: to be able to reach the students thanks to the teachers.

High school students did not know almost anything about synthetic biology prior to our meeting, but they still left curious to know more about it. We feared that the theoretical part could have been too heavy, since the topics were hidden and obscure for most of them. However, they reassured us on that – one answer actually suggested to talk more about it. Our boardgame was the real star of the event, being widely appreciated and warmly welcomed as an unconventional educational tool.

Releases and Privacy

We highly value our participants' privacy and we made sure that all participants were informed on the use of their personal information. They were asked to fill in a release form, which was built using the European GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) regulations and using the model given by Italian Garante della Privacy (Italian Data Authority Protection).

You can find the module also translated in English, but we cannot guarantee its validity outside Italy.