α-factor hydrolase signal peptide

The α-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a secretory signal peptide sequence，which directs the secretion of the α-factor precursor protein to the extracellular environment. Relying on the guidance function of this signal peptide, the hydrolytic enzyme is transported outside the cell via the yeast secretory pathway.

AqAga (agarase gene)

AqAga is an exo-type β-agarase, whose core function is to specifically hydrolyze the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in agar, especially in the agarose component. It efficiently degrades agar and neoagarooligosaccharides into neoagarobiose (NA2) as the final product.

agaNash (neoagarobiose hydrolase gene)

The agaNash gene encodes neoagarobiose hydrolase, whose core function is to recognize specific glycosidic bonds in neoagarobiose and decompose it through hydrolysis into galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose. Neoagarobiose is a disaccharide product generated after agarase acts on agar.

PgDDS Dammarenediol Synthase

Encodes dammarenediol synthase, which specifically catalyzes the cyclization of 2,3 - oxidosqualene to produce dammarenediol. It is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of ginsenosides. In plants like Panax ginseng, the activity of this enzyme affects the synthesis amount of ginsenosides, enabling the subsequent modification reactions of dammarenediol to generate various ginsenosides with important physiological activities.

CYP716A47 Protopanaxadiol Synthase

Encodes CYP716A47 enzyme, a dammarenediol - 12 - hydroxylase. It specifically catalyzes the C - 12 hydroxylation of dammarenediol, converting it to protopanaxadiol, which is a key step in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides.

CYP716A53v2 Protopanaxatriol Synthase

Encodes CYP716A53v2 protopanaxatriol synthase, a key enzyme in the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. It functions as a protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase, which  specifically hydroxylates the C-6 position of protopanaxadiol, converting it to protopanaxatriol.

UGTPg100 Glycosyltransferase

Functional Description：Encodes the UGTPg100 glycosyltransferase. In heterologous expression systems such as engineered yeast, UGTPg100 can specifically glycosylate the C6-hydroxyl group of PPT to generate ginsenoside Rh1, thereby enabling the biosynthesis of bioactive PPT-type ginsenosides.