Before entering the lab, we conducted laboratory safety training, including proper laboratory attire and PPE safety, laboratory environment safety, fire and electrical safety and chemical reagents and gas exposure safety.

1. Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Always wear a lab coat, gloves, and safety goggles when handling chemicals, bacterial cultures, or during staining and incubation steps.
2. Practice Aseptic Technique with Bacteria and Biological Samples
• Perform inoculation or bacterial transfers near a flame or inside a biosafety cabinet.
• Dispose of biohazardous waste (e.g., used pipette tips, plates, and bacterial cultures) in designated biohazard containers and autoclave as required.
3. Use Chemicals in Well-Ventilated Areas
• Keep absolute ethanol and other flammable reagents away from open flames and heat sources.
• Avoid inhaling fumes and ensure containers are securely closed when not in use.
4. Handle Sharp Instruments and Sterile Forceps with Care
• Use sterilized forceps carefully to avoid contamination and injury.
• Do not touch the tips of forceps after sterilization.
5. Handle Coomassie Brilliant Blue Stain Properly
• This stain can permanently color skin and clothing; always wear gloves and avoid skin contact.
• Dispose of staining waste following your laboratory’s chemical waste protocols.
6. Operate Incubators and Ovens Safely
• Do not place flammable materials inside.
• Use heat-resistant gloves as needed when placing or removing samples.
7. Label All Samples and Positions Clearly
• Clearly mark all materials and experimental conditions to prevent confusion and cross-contamination.
8. Be Cautious with Glassware and Centrifuge Caps
• Avoid applying excessive force to prevent breakage or spillage during procedures, such as pipette tip adhesion tests.
9. In Case of Spills or Exposure
• Clean spills immediately using appropriate disinfectants (e.g., 70% ethanol for biological materials).
• Report all accidents to your supervisor and follow the lab’s emergency protocols.

Medical waste (e.g., contaminated tips, gloves) should go to yellow biohazard bins, while General waste (e.g., paper, clean packaging) should go to black domestic bins. Never mix to prevent hazards or penalties.

Fig 1. Classification and disposal of experimental waste and household waste

Safety shower/eyewash: Located near exits/sinks (look for green signage).

How to use: Step the pedal → Flush affected area (15+ min skin / 20+ min eyes) → Report incident.

Fig 2. Emergency sprinkler system

1. Wear PPE (lab coats, gloves) at all times.
2. Monthly check emergency equipment accessibility.
3. We had a general perception of the lab environment and obtained a preliminary understanding of experimental instruments and operations.

1. Pre-Use Preparation: Wiped down all surfaces (including items entering the BSC) with 70% ethanol to maintain sterility.
2. Arranged materials logically to minimize arm movement across the sterile field.
3. Kept hands and tools within the designated sterile zone (marked area) at all times.
4. Avoided rapid movements to prevent airflow disruption.
5. Removed all items and re-wiped surfaces with ethanol.
6. Ran the BSC for 10 additional minutes (UV off) to purge particulates.

1. EP tubes or centrifuge tubes must be placed symmetrically, with a weight difference of no more than 0.1 g between tubes.
2. A single sample tube must be balanced by a tube of equal mass on the opposite side.
3. The volume of the sample in any EP tube or centrifuge tube must not exceed 2/3 of the tube’s maximum capacity.
4. The centrifuge lid must be securely closed and locked before starting the centrifuge. Do not touch or open the lid, nor stop the centrifuge while it is running.
5. Wait until the centrifuge has completely stopped spinning before removing any samples.